Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
How Matter of Kotliar addresses mandatory detention after criminal custody while on probation and the relationship between the custody ground and the NTA charge.
Matter of Kotliar holds that mandatory detention can apply after qualifying criminal custody even when the immediate arrest was connected to probation. Kotliar also states that DHS need not charge the precise removability ground that supplies the §236(c) custody basis in order for mandatory detention to apply. The government still must identify facts and law showing the person is within the statutory mandatory-detention description.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
How Matter of Kotliar addresses mandatory detention after criminal custody while on probation and the relationship between the custody ground and the NTA charge.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis treats Matter of Kotliar mandatory detention probation uncharged ground as a distinct custody issue whose answer depends on the governing detention statute, jurisdiction, and procedural posture.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention preparation should identify whether the case is under §236(a), §236(c), or §241, and should build a custody record separate from the removal merits record.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 1
Matter of Kotliar holds that mandatory detention can apply after qualifying criminal custody even when the immediate arrest was connected to probation. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-1; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 2
Kotliar also states that DHS need not charge the precise removability ground that supplies the §236(c) custody basis in order for mandatory detention to apply. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-2; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 3
The government still must identify facts and law showing the person is within the statutory mandatory-detention description. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-3; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 4
The bond record should separate the NTA charge from the detention theory. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-4; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 5
A respondent can contest the detention classification even when the merits NTA uses a different removability provision. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-5; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 6
Matter of Kotliar holds that mandatory detention can apply after qualifying criminal custody even when the immediate arrest was connected to probation. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-6; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 7
Kotliar also states that DHS need not charge the precise removability ground that supplies the §236(c) custody basis in order for mandatory detention to apply. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-7; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 8
The government still must identify facts and law showing the person is within the statutory mandatory-detention description. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-8; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 9
The bond record should separate the NTA charge from the detention theory. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention bond-record preparation should support mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention information borrowed from the merits record should be identified clearly in the separate custody record.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention evidence should document mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal records, address proof, family evidence, employment, relief posture, and custody records should be organized by legal relevance.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-9; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant.
Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds: Issue 10
A respondent can contest the detention classification even when the merits NTA uses a different removability provision. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention closing argument should synthesize mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention requested custody relief should be stated in procedural terms the adjudicator can grant. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention hearing strategy should develop mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention witnesses should address concrete danger or appearance facts rather than generic equities. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-issue-10; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly.
Custody Chronology: Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling. Kotliar-mandatory-detention decision drafting should resolve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the ruling should state custody jurisdiction, danger, flight risk, and bond amount separately when applicable. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appellate preservation should record mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the custody record should permit Board or federal-court review without reconstructing missing facts. Kotliar-mandatory-detention burden review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the decision should state who carries the burden and what showing is required. Kotliar-mandatory-detention changed-circumstances review should assess mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-11; Kotliar-mandatory-detention a subsequent request should identify what materially changed since the prior custody ruling.
Bond Evidence Plan: Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order. Kotliar-mandatory-detention danger analysis should evaluate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention allegations, convictions, recency, rehabilitation, and context should be addressed directly. Kotliar-mandatory-detention appeal planning should preserve mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the notice of appeal should identify the exact custody ruling and issues challenged. Kotliar-mandatory-detention factual audit should revisit mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention assumptions about criminal custody or release should be replaced with certified or reliable records. Kotliar-mandatory-detention analysis should begin with mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-12; Kotliar-mandatory-detention proof should identify the governing detention statute and current custody order.
Hearing and Appeal Strategy: Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture. Kotliar-mandatory-detention mandatory-detention review should test mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the claimed §236(c) category and release event should be identified precisely. Kotliar-mandatory-detention chronology should isolate mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention criminal release, DHS arrest, bond hearing, merits decision, and final-order dates should be charted separately. Kotliar-mandatory-detention flight-risk analysis should examine mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention residence, family ties, hearing history, immigration record, and relief incentives should be connected to appearance risk. Kotliar-mandatory-detention statutory analysis should verify mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-13; Kotliar-mandatory-detention the detention authority should be matched to the respondent's current procedural posture.
Federal Review Preservation: Matter of Kotliar: Probation Custody and Uncharged Mandatory-Detention Grounds
Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline.
Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated. Kotliar-mandatory-detention jurisdiction review should frame mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention counsel should confirm whether the Immigration Judge may redetermine custody before litigating bond amount. Kotliar-mandatory-detention source review should confirm mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention current statutes, regulations, BIA precedent, Supreme Court law, and circuit law should be checked before filing. Kotliar-mandatory-detention post-order review should consider mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention removal efforts, travel documents, stays, and custody-review history should appear on the timeline. Kotliar-mandatory-detention briefing should explain mandatory-detention-kotliar-probation-ground-not-charged-practice-14; Kotliar-mandatory-detention pre-order bond, mandatory detention, and post-order detention should not be conflated.
Primary Legal Authorities and Sources
- EOIR Precedent Decisions — Volume 24 Official EOIR source containing Matter of Guerra and Matter of Kotliar.
- 8 U.S.C. §1226 — Apprehension and Detention Pending Removal Decision Primary statute governing discretionary detention under INA §236(a) and mandatory detention under INA §236(c).
- EOIR Precedent Decisions — Volume 22 Official EOIR source containing Matter of Joseph and Matter of Adeniji.
- EOIR BIA Precedent Chart D-I — Detention and Bond Official EOIR chart collecting detention and bond precedent.
- 8 C.F.R. §1003.19 — Custody/Bond Current regulation governing Immigration Judge custody redetermination, jurisdiction, changed circumstances, and stays.
- Nielsen v. Preap, 586 U.S. 392 (2019) Supreme Court decision holding that delayed immigration arrest after release from criminal custody does not remove a person from §1226(c).
Frequently Asked Questions
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