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INA 237(a)(1) Fraud, Admission, Conditional Residence, and Marriage Fraud

Marriage Fraud Under INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i): Marriage Within Two Years and Early Termination

INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. This page addresses the removal-case proof, defenses, and waiver consequences that follow from that rule.

Reviewed by Peter Messersmith September 17, 2026
Direct Answer

INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment.

Core Rule

The two-year-marriage-core-rule point begins. Under two-year-marriage-core-rule, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-core-rule, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-core-rule, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-core-rule, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-core-rule, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-core-rule analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-core-rule, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. In two-year-marriage-core-rule, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-core-rule, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-core-rule, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-core-rule record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-core-rule, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-core-rule, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-core-rule, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-core-rule, preserve the objection and ruling.

Controlling Authority

The two-year-marriage-controlling-authority point begins. Under two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-controlling-authority analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. In two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-controlling-authority record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-controlling-authority, preserve the objection and ruling.

Government Theory

The two-year-marriage-government-theory point begins. Under two-year-marriage-government-theory, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-government-theory, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-government-theory, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-government-theory, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-government-theory, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-government-theory analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-government-theory, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. In two-year-marriage-government-theory, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-government-theory, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-government-theory, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-government-theory record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-government-theory, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-government-theory, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-government-theory, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-government-theory, preserve the objection and ruling.

Historical Timeline

The two-year-marriage-historical-timeline point begins. Under two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-historical-timeline analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. In two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-historical-timeline record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-historical-timeline, preserve the objection and ruling.

Primary Documents

The two-year-marriage-primary-documents point begins. Under two-year-marriage-primary-documents, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-primary-documents, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-primary-documents, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-primary-documents, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-primary-documents, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-primary-documents analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-primary-documents, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. In two-year-marriage-primary-documents, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-primary-documents, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-primary-documents, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-primary-documents record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-primary-documents, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-primary-documents, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-primary-documents, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-primary-documents, preserve the objection and ruling.

Burden and Standard

The two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard point begins. Under two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. In two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-burden-and-standard, preserve the objection and ruling.

Materiality or Causation

The two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation point begins. Under two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. In two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-materiality-or-causation, preserve the objection and ruling.

Statements and Admissions

The two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions point begins. Under two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. In two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-statements-and-admissions, preserve the objection and ruling.

Government Proof

The two-year-marriage-government-proof point begins. Under two-year-marriage-government-proof, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-government-proof, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-government-proof, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-government-proof, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-government-proof, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-government-proof analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-government-proof, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. In two-year-marriage-government-proof, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-government-proof, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-government-proof, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-government-proof record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-government-proof, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-government-proof, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-government-proof, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-government-proof, preserve the objection and ruling.

Respondent Proof

The two-year-marriage-respondent-proof point begins. Under two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-respondent-proof analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. In two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-respondent-proof record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-respondent-proof, preserve the objection and ruling.

Waiver or Defense

The two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense point begins. Under two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. In two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-waiver-or-defense, preserve the objection and ruling.

Independent Charges

The two-year-marriage-independent-charges point begins. Under two-year-marriage-independent-charges, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-independent-charges, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-independent-charges, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-independent-charges, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-independent-charges, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-independent-charges analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-independent-charges, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. In two-year-marriage-independent-charges, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-independent-charges, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-independent-charges, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-independent-charges record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-independent-charges, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-independent-charges, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-independent-charges, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-independent-charges, preserve the objection and ruling.

Merits Hearing

The two-year-marriage-merits-hearing point begins. Under two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, The relevant dates are marriage, immigrant admission, and judicial termination or annulment. For two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-merits-hearing analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. In two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-merits-hearing record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-merits-hearing, preserve the objection and ruling.

Appeal Preservation

The two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation point begins. Under two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, A short marriage is not by itself proof of fraud at inception. For two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. In two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. For two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-appeal-preservation, preserve the objection and ruling.

Practice Checklist

The two-year-marriage-practice-checklist point begins. Under two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, Evidence of the parties' intent when the marriage began is central. For two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, identify the controlling document. In two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, date the relevant event. When presenting two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, obtain a specific ruling.

The two-year-marriage-practice-checklist analysis stands separately. For two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission. In two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, state who bears the burden. When defending two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, answer the exact government theory. For two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.

The two-year-marriage-practice-checklist record should use primary evidence. In two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, The statute allows the respondent to establish that the marriage was not contracted to evade immigration law. For two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of two-year-marriage-practice-checklist, preserve the objection and ruling.

Primary Legal Authorities and Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the central rule for 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination?
INA §237(a)(1)(G)(i) addresses immigrant admission based on a marriage entered less than two years before admission when the marriage is judicially annulled or terminated within two years after admission.
Who has the burden in a 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination case?
For the two-year-marriage issue, DHS bears the removability burden under INA §240(c)(3)(A) and 8 C.F.R. §1240.8(a), while a respondent seeking a waiver or relief bears the applicable eligibility and discretionary burdens.
What evidence matters most for 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination?
For the two-year-marriage issue, useful evidence can include the original visa or adjustment file, signed applications, interview notes, relationship records, conditional-residence filings, notices, and testimony tied to the disputed element.
Can INA §237(a)(1)(H) resolve 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination?
For the two-year-marriage issue, waiver coverage must be tested under current law. Matter of Forjoe limits §237(a)(1)(H) to fraud or misrepresentation at admission and overrules Matter of Agour for adjustment-based fraud.
Can one waiver eliminate every charge related to 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination?
For the two-year-marriage issue, one waiver does not automatically eliminate independent charges. Matter of Tima and Matter of Bador illustrate separate criminal and conditional-residence grounds that can survive.
How should 237(a)(1)(G)(i) marriage fraud two year termination be preserved for appeal?
For the two-year-marriage issue, the record should identify the exact charge, historical event, burden, documentary record, waiver theory, discretionary findings, and the Immigration Judge's ruling.
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