False Statements by a Preparer or Representative: Matter of Valdez
Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. This page addresses the removal-case proof, defenses, and waiver consequences that follow from that rule.
Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person.
Core Rule
The Valdez-preparer-core-rule point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-core-rule, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-core-rule, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-core-rule, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-core-rule, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-core-rule, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-core-rule analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-core-rule, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. In Valdez-preparer-core-rule, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-core-rule, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-core-rule, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-core-rule record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-core-rule, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-core-rule, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-core-rule, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-core-rule, preserve the objection and ruling.
Controlling Authority
The Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. In Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-controlling-authority, preserve the objection and ruling.
Government Theory
The Valdez-preparer-government-theory point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-government-theory, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-government-theory, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-government-theory, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-government-theory, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-government-theory, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-government-theory analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-government-theory, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. In Valdez-preparer-government-theory, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-government-theory, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-government-theory, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-government-theory record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-government-theory, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-government-theory, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-government-theory, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-government-theory, preserve the objection and ruling.
Historical Timeline
The Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. In Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-historical-timeline, preserve the objection and ruling.
Primary Documents
The Valdez-preparer-primary-documents point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-primary-documents analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. In Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-primary-documents record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-primary-documents, preserve the objection and ruling.
Burden and Standard
The Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. In Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-burden-and-standard, preserve the objection and ruling.
Materiality or Causation
The Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. In Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-materiality-or-causation, preserve the objection and ruling.
Statements and Admissions
The Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. In Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-statements-and-admissions, preserve the objection and ruling.
Government Proof
The Valdez-preparer-government-proof point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-government-proof, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-government-proof, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-government-proof, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-government-proof, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-government-proof, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-government-proof analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-government-proof, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. In Valdez-preparer-government-proof, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-government-proof, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-government-proof, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-government-proof record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-government-proof, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-government-proof, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-government-proof, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-government-proof, preserve the objection and ruling.
Respondent Proof
The Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. In Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-respondent-proof, preserve the objection and ruling.
Waiver or Defense
The Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. In Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-waiver-or-defense, preserve the objection and ruling.
Independent Charges
The Valdez-preparer-independent-charges point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-independent-charges analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. In Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-independent-charges record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-independent-charges, preserve the objection and ruling.
Merits Hearing
The Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, The presumption can be rebutted with evidence of fraud, deceit, or other wrongful conduct by another person. For Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. In Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-merits-hearing, preserve the objection and ruling.
Appeal Preservation
The Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, The analysis should distinguish authorization from genuine victimization by a preparer. For Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. In Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. For Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-appeal-preservation, preserve the objection and ruling.
Practice Checklist
The Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist point begins. Under Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, Language ability, preparation history, corrections, and later statements can matter. For Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, identify the controlling document. In Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, date the relevant event. When presenting Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, tie proof to the disputed element. For review of Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, obtain a specific ruling.
The Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist analysis stands separately. For Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, Matter of Valdez holds that a respondent can make a willful misrepresentation by knowing of or authorizing false statements filed on the respondent's behalf. In Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, state who bears the burden. When defending Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, answer the exact government theory. For Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, preserve the legal standard and the requested remedy.
The Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist record should use primary evidence. In Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, A signature creates a strong presumption that the signer knew and assented to the application's contents. For Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, compare signed forms with agency records. When facts conflict in Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, reconcile them with documents. For appeal of Valdez-preparer-practice-checklist, preserve the objection and ruling.
Primary Legal Authorities and Sources
- Matter of A.J. Valdez and Z. Valdez, 27 I&N Dec. 496 (BIA 2018) BIA precedent on representative-prepared applications and signatures.
- 8 U.S.C. §1182 — Inadmissible Aliens Current inadmissibility statute.
- 8 U.S.C. §1227 — Deportable Aliens Current deportability statute.
- Matter of O-R-E-, 28 I&N Dec. 330 (BIA 2021) BIA precedent applying willful and material misrepresentation principles.
- Matter of D-R-, 27 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 2017) BIA precedent defining materiality.
- Matter of M-C-C-, 29 I&N Dec. 401 (BIA 2026) Current BIA precedent applying the line-of-inquiry materiality test.
Frequently Asked Questions
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