False Claim to Citizenship: The Citizen-Parent Reasonable-Belief Exception
INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. This page addresses the elements, proof, defenses, and related removal consequences.
INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen.
Core Rule
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with core rule. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Statutory Language
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with statutory language. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Elements
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with elements. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
DHS Burden
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with dhs burden. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Respondent Evidence
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with respondent evidence. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Timing
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with timing. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Documents and Records
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with documents and records. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Knowledge or Intent
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with knowledge or intent. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Exceptions or Waivers
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with exceptions or waivers. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Related Removal Grounds
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with related removal grounds. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Relief Consequences
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with relief consequences. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Litigation Strategy
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with litigation strategy. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Immigration Judge Findings
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with immigration judge findings. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
BIA Preservation
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with bia preservation. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Practitioner Checklist
citizen-parent claim exception analysis starts with practitioner checklist. citizen-parent claim exception controlling rule is: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception record identifies the charged clause. citizen-parent claim exception record isolates disputed factual allegations. citizen-parent claim exception briefing separates law from inference. citizen-parent claim exception briefing requests a threshold ruling.
citizen-parent claim exception proof uses primary government records. citizen-parent claim exception additional rule is: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant date. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the relevant person. citizen-parent claim exception proof identifies the controlling document. citizen-parent claim exception proof answers competing evidence directly.
citizen-parent claim exception litigation keeps the burden explicit. citizen-parent claim exception preservation rule is: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception litigation distinguishes fact from law. citizen-parent claim exception litigation requests element-specific findings. citizen-parent claim exception litigation preserves evidentiary objections promptly. citizen-parent claim exception litigation records DHS's stated theory.
citizen-parent claim exception consequences remain separate from relief. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify statutory exceptions. citizen-parent claim exception consequences identify available waivers. citizen-parent claim exception consequences develop discretion only when relevant. citizen-parent claim exception consequences require a reasoned decision. citizen-parent claim exception consequences preserve later appellate review.
Charge Construction
citizen-parent claim exception charge construction focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction applies this proposition: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception charge construction states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception charge construction identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception charge construction preserves the result for review.
Primary Proof
citizen-parent claim exception primary proof focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof applies this proposition: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception primary proof states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception primary proof identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception primary proof preserves the result for review.
Alternative Theory
citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory applies this proposition: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception alternative theory preserves the result for review.
Exception Record
citizen-parent claim exception exception record focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception exception record applies this proposition: Matter of Zhang explains that the existence of this specific exception confirms that Congress did not create a broader general knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception exception record identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception exception record identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception exception record states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception exception record tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception exception record tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception exception record tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception exception record identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception exception record identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception exception record requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception exception record preserves the result for review.
Relief Interface
citizen-parent claim exception relief interface focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface applies this proposition: INA §237(a)(3)(D)(ii) creates a narrow exception to false-claim deportability when every statutory requirement is satisfied. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception relief interface states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception relief interface identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception relief interface preserves the result for review.
Cross Examination Plan
citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan applies this proposition: Each natural parent, or each adoptive parent in the case of adoption, must be or have been a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception cross examination plan preserves the result for review.
Decision Drafting
citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting applies this proposition: The respondent must have permanently resided in the United States before turning sixteen. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception decision drafting preserves the result for review.
Review Record
citizen-parent claim exception review record focuses on page-specific proof. citizen-parent claim exception review record applies this proposition: The respondent must also have reasonably believed at the time of the representation that he or she was a United States citizen. citizen-parent claim exception review record identifies the strongest primary record. citizen-parent claim exception review record identifies the weakest DHS inference.
citizen-parent claim exception review record states the respondent's competing account. citizen-parent claim exception review record tests any statutory timing requirement. citizen-parent claim exception review record tests any knowledge requirement. citizen-parent claim exception review record tests any qualifying relationship.
citizen-parent claim exception review record identifies any independent removal charge. citizen-parent claim exception review record identifies any remaining form of relief. citizen-parent claim exception review record requests an element-by-element ruling. citizen-parent claim exception review record preserves the result for review.
Primary Legal Authorities and Sources
- Matter of Zhang, 27 I&N Dec. 569 (BIA 2019) BIA precedent holding that INA §237(a)(3)(D)(i) does not require a knowing or willful false claim.
- 8 U.S.C. §1227 — Deportable Aliens Current INA §237 deportability grounds.
- 8 U.S.C. §1229a — Removal Proceedings Current removal-proceeding burdens and hearing provisions.
- 8 C.F.R. §1240.8 — Burdens of Proof Current burden-of-proof regulation in removal proceedings.
- 8 C.F.R. §1240.10 — Hearing Current removal-hearing procedure and advisal regulation.
- EOIR BIA Precedent Chart — Removal Grounds and Relief Official EOIR index of relevant BIA precedents on deportability, smuggling, and waivers.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main rule for INA 237(a)(3)(D)(ii) false claim citizenship parent exception?
Does INA 237(a)(3)(D)(ii) false claim citizenship parent exception require a criminal conviction?
What burden applies to INA 237(a)(3)(D)(ii) false claim citizenship parent exception?
Can there be an exception or waiver for INA 237(a)(3)(D)(ii) false claim citizenship parent exception?
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How should INA 237(a)(3)(D)(ii) false claim citizenship parent exception be preserved for appeal?
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