Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
How INA §101(a)(43)(K)(i)–(ii) covers prostitution-business offenses and specified transportation offenses committed for commercial advantage.
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(i) reaches offenses relating to owning, controlling, managing, or supervising a prostitution business. Section 101(a)(43)(K)(ii) separately incorporates specified federal transportation offenses when committed for commercial advantage. Matter of Gertsenshteyn treats commercial advantage as a circumstance-specific issue where it is not an element of conviction.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
How INA §101(a)(43)(K)(i)–(ii) covers prostitution-business offenses and specified transportation offenses committed for commercial advantage.
prostitution-AF analysis treats prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony as a distinct §101(a)(43) category with its own elements, thresholds, and proof rules.
prostitution-AF preparation should begin with the statute of conviction, certified record, sentence, and the exact aggravated-felony subparagraph charged by DHS.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 1
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(i) reaches offenses relating to owning, controlling, managing, or supervising a prostitution business. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard.
prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives.
prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-1; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 2
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(ii) separately incorporates specified federal transportation offenses when committed for commercial advantage. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove.
prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted.
prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-2; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 3
Matter of Gertsenshteyn treats commercial advantage as a circumstance-specific issue where it is not an element of conviction. prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense.
prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence.
prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-3; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 4
The prostitution-business and transportation clauses should not be collapsed into one test. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately.
prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled.
prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-4; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 5
Evidence used to prove commercial advantage should be tied to the offense at issue. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory.
prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.
prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-5; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 6
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(i) reaches offenses relating to owning, controlling, managing, or supervising a prostitution business. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives.
prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records.
prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-6; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 7
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(ii) separately incorporates specified federal transportation offenses when committed for commercial advantage. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted.
prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement.
prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-7; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 8
Matter of Gertsenshteyn treats commercial advantage as a circumstance-specific issue where it is not an element of conviction. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence.
prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis.
prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-8; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 9
The prostitution-business and transportation clauses should not be collapsed into one test. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled.
prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.
prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-9; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated.
Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies: Issue 10
Evidence used to prove commercial advantage should be tied to the offense at issue. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.
prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof.
prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-issue-10; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph.
Conviction Record Map: Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.
prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled.
prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. prostitution-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. prostitution-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. prostitution-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. prostitution-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-11; prostitution-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately.
Categorical Analysis Plan: Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted.
prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove.
prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. prostitution-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. prostitution-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. prostitution-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. prostitution-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-12; prostitution-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents.
Removal and Relief Consequences: Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph.
prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof.
prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. prostitution-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. prostitution-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. prostitution-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. prostitution-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-13; prostitution-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.
Appeal Preservation: Prostitution and Commercial-Advantage Aggravated Felonies
prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis.
prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence.
prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. prostitution-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. prostitution-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. prostitution-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. prostitution-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-prostitution-commercial-advantage-practice-14; prostitution-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense.
Primary Legal Authorities and Sources
- 8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(43) — Aggravated Felony Definition Current House U.S. Code source for the aggravated-felony definition.
- Matter of Gertsenshteyn, 24 I&N Dec. 111 (BIA 2007) BIA precedent applying a circumstance-specific inquiry to commercial advantage under §101(a)(43)(K)(ii).
- 8 U.S.C. §1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) — Aggravated-Felony Deportability Primary deportability statute for a person convicted of an aggravated felony after admission.
- EOIR BIA Precedent Chart — Aggravated Felonies Official EOIR topic chart collecting BIA aggravated-felony precedents.
- EOIR Precedent Decisions — Volume 26 Official EOIR source including Matter of Adeniye, Garza-Olivares, and Alvarado.
- EOIR Precedent Decisions — Volume 22 Official EOIR source including Matter of Aldabesheh, Ruiz-Romero, and Alvarado-Alvino.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main rule for prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony?
Does every conviction labeled this way qualify as prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony?
Does sentence length matter for prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony?
What conviction records matter for prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony?
What immigration consequences follow from prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony?
How should prostitution commercial advantage aggravated felony be preserved for appeal?
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