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Aggravated Felony Deep Dives

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

How INA §101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates federal peonage, slavery, involuntary-servitude, and trafficking offenses.

Reviewed by Peter Messersmith September 17, 2026
Direct Answer

Section 101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates offenses described in 18 U.S.C. §§1581–1585 and 1588–1591. The aggravated-felony analysis depends on the specific incorporated offense and its substantive elements. This conviction-based category is distinct from the separate human-trafficking inadmissibility and deportability provisions that can operate without the same conviction requirement.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

How INA §101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates federal peonage, slavery, involuntary-servitude, and trafficking offenses.

slavery-trafficking-AF analysis treats slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony as a distinct §101(a)(43) category with its own elements, thresholds, and proof rules.

slavery-trafficking-AF preparation should begin with the statute of conviction, certified record, sentence, and the exact aggravated-felony subparagraph charged by DHS.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 1

Section 101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates offenses described in 18 U.S.C. §§1581–1585 and 1588–1591. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense.

slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence.

slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-1; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 2

The aggravated-felony analysis depends on the specific incorporated offense and its substantive elements. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately.

slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled.

slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-2; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 3

This conviction-based category is distinct from the separate human-trafficking inadmissibility and deportability provisions that can operate without the same conviction requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory.

slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.

slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-3; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 4

State offenses require careful comparison with the incorporated federal descriptions. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives.

slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records.

slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-4; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 5

The clause itself does not state a minimum one-year sentence requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted.

slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement.

slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-5; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 6

Section 101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates offenses described in 18 U.S.C. §§1581–1585 and 1588–1591. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence.

slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis.

slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-6; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 7

The aggravated-felony analysis depends on the specific incorporated offense and its substantive elements. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled.

slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.

slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-7; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 8

This conviction-based category is distinct from the separate human-trafficking inadmissibility and deportability provisions that can operate without the same conviction requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.

slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof.

slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-8; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 9

State offenses require careful comparison with the incorporated federal descriptions. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records.

slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF charging analysis should frame aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF DHS must connect the conviction to the precise aggravated-felony clause alleged. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession.

slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-9; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard.

Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies: Issue 10

The clause itself does not state a minimum one-year sentence requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF categorical review should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the minimum criminalized conduct should be compared with the generic or incorporated federal offense. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement.

slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF decision drafting should resolve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the order should identify the conviction, statutory match, threshold fact, and resulting immigration consequence. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents.

slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF state-law comparison should test aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF a state label alone should not substitute for element-by-element analysis. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-issue-10; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove.

Conviction Record Map: Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records.

slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives.

slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard. slavery-trafficking-AF source review should confirm aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF current Supreme Court, BIA, statutory, and circuit authority should be checked before concession. slavery-trafficking-AF factual audit should revisit aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF assumptions about sentence or monetary amount should be replaced with reliable records. slavery-trafficking-AF divisibility review should examine aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF the record of conviction should be used only when the statute contains legally distinct alternatives. slavery-trafficking-AF burden review should address aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-11; slavery-trafficking-AF deportability must be established under the governing clear-and-convincing standard.

Categorical Analysis Plan: Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately.

slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated.

slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF record analysis should document aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF charging papers, plea documents, judgment, and sentencing records should be reconciled. slavery-trafficking-AF relief screening should follow aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF aggravated-felony consequences for cancellation, asylum, withholding, and waivers should be analyzed separately. slavery-trafficking-AF motion practice should develop aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF overbreadth, indivisibility, sentence, and circumstance-specific arguments should be separated. slavery-trafficking-AF closing argument should synthesize aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-12; slavery-trafficking-AF the requested finding should be stated under the correct §101(a)(43) subparagraph.

Removal and Relief Consequences: Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents.

slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement.

slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted. slavery-trafficking-AF hearing preparation should support aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF certified conviction records should be paired with the specific legal proposition they prove. slavery-trafficking-AF appellate preparation should preserve aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF the record should permit legal review without reconstructing missing conviction documents. slavery-trafficking-AF sentence review should evaluate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF any imprisonment threshold must be treated as a separate statutory requirement. slavery-trafficking-AF chronology should isolate aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-13; slavery-trafficking-AF offense date, conviction date, sentence, admission history, and removal charge should be charted.

Appeal Preservation: Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Trafficking Aggravated Felonies

slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code.

slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory.

slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph. slavery-trafficking-AF circumstance-specific review should consider aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF nonelement facts should be used only when controlling law permits that mode of proof. slavery-trafficking-AF federal-comparator review should verify aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF statutory cross-references should be checked against the current and historically relevant code. slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should record aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF the respondent should obtain an explicit ruling on the aggravated-felony theory. slavery-trafficking-AF analysis should begin with aggravated-felony-slavery-peonage-trafficking-practice-14; slavery-trafficking-AF proof should identify the exact statute of conviction and the aggravated-felony subparagraph.

Primary Legal Authorities and Sources

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main rule for slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony?
Section 101(a)(43)(K)(iii) incorporates offenses described in 18 U.S.C. §§1581–1585 and 1588–1591.
Does every conviction labeled this way qualify as slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony?
slavery-trafficking-AF analysis ordinarily requires a legal comparison between the statute of conviction and the controlling aggravated-felony definition; the offense label alone is not enough.
Does sentence length matter for slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony?
slavery-trafficking-AF sentence analysis depends on the exact subparagraph. Some aggravated-felony categories have an explicit imprisonment threshold while others do not.
What conviction records matter for slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony?
slavery-trafficking-AF proof can include the judgment, charging instrument, plea agreement, plea colloquy, verdict form, sentencing record, and other documents permitted by the applicable categorical or circumstance-specific framework.
What immigration consequences follow from slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony?
slavery-trafficking-AF consequences can include deportability under INA §237(a)(2)(A)(iii) and restrictions on cancellation, asylum, voluntary departure, waivers, and withholding depending on the full case.
How should slavery peonage trafficking aggravated felony be preserved for appeal?
slavery-trafficking-AF preservation should identify the exact §101(a)(43) theory, the categorical or circumstance-specific methodology, all threshold facts, the conviction record, and the Immigration Judge's ruling.
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