INA §237(a)(4) Security, Terrorism, Foreign Policy, Atrocity, and Religious Freedom Grounds

Foreign-Policy Deportability Under Matter of Ruiz-Massieu

INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. This page focuses on the charge, proof, incorporated definitions, relief consequences, and preservation.

Reviewed by Peter Messersmith September 18, 2026

Direct Answer

INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu.

Core Rule

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule core rule applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule core rule applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule core rule applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule core rule applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence.

Statutory Text

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule statutory text applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule statutory text applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule statutory text applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule statutory text applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date.

Elements

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule elements applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule elements applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule elements applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule elements applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately.

Charging Theory

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule charging theory applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule charging theory applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule charging theory applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule charging theory applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof.

Burden

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule burden applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule burden applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule burden applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule burden applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause.

Evidence

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule evidence applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule evidence applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule evidence applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule evidence applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence.

Respondent Position

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule respondent position applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule respondent position applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule respondent position applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule respondent position applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date.

DHS Position

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule dhs position applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule dhs position applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule dhs position applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule dhs position applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately.

Judge Findings

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule judge findings applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule judge findings applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule judge findings applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule judge findings applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof.

Conduct or Conviction

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule conduct or conviction applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule conduct or conviction applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule conduct or conviction applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule conduct or conviction applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause.

Actor Status

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule actor status applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule actor status applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule actor status applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule actor status applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence.

Asylum Effect

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule asylum effect applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule asylum effect applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule asylum effect applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule asylum effect applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date.

Withholding and CAT

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule withholding and cat applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule withholding and cat applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule withholding and cat applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule withholding and cat applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately.

Appeal Preservation

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule appeal preservation applies this rule: The statutory foreign-policy exceptions should be considered separately where applicable. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule appeal preservation applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule appeal preservation applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule appeal preservation applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof.

Checklist

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule checklist applies this rule: Extradition proceedings are legally separate from the foreign-policy deportability determination. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule checklist applies this rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state the alleged conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate suspicion from proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should test each element independently. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should cite the source evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should challenge unreliable attribution. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule checklist applies this rule: Matter of Ruiz-Massieu requires DHS to prove a facially reasonable and bona fide determination by the Secretary of State. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate group status from conduct. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify any knowledge finding. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should record the activity date. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should separate removability from relief. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a burden ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels.

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule checklist applies this rule: A qualifying State Department letter can be presumptive and sufficient evidence under Ruiz-Massieu. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should preserve evidence objections. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify exemption authority separately. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should state remaining protection. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should obtain reviewable findings. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should avoid conclusory labels. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should compare charge and proof. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should document information sources. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should address contrary evidence. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should request a clause-specific ruling. Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should identify the incorporated clause.

Primary Legal Authorities and Sources

Matter of Ruiz-Massieu, 22 I&N Dec. 833 (BIA 1999) BIA precedent on foreign-policy deportability and the Secretary of State determination.
EOIR BIA Precedent Chart D-I Official EOIR precedent index for foreign-policy and espionage cases.
8 U.S.C. §1182(a)(3) — Security and Related Grounds Current terrorism, foreign-policy, and atrocity definitions incorporated into INA §237(a)(4).
8 U.S.C. §1227(a)(4) — Security and Related Grounds Current INA §237(a)(4) security and related deportability grounds.
8 C.F.R. §1240.8 — Burdens in Removal Proceedings Current removal and relief burden regulation.
8 C.F.R. §1208.13 — Asylum Eligibility Current asylum regulation and security bars.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the rule for Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule: INA §237(a)(4)(C) creates a deportability ground when the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe the person's presence or activities would have potentially serious adverse foreign-policy consequences.

Does Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State require a conviction?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule requires reading the exact clause. Several security grounds are conduct based.

What burden applies to Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule remains within DHS's clear-and-convincing removability burden.

Can Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State affect asylum?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule can overlap with separate asylum and withholding bars.

What evidence matters for Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule requires evidence tied to the specific statutory element and source.

How is Matter of Ruiz-Massieu foreign policy deportability Secretary of State preserved for appeal?

Ruiz-Massieu State-Department determination rule should produce findings on clause, burden, evidence, conduct, and relief effect.

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