INA §237(a)(4) Security, Terrorism, Foreign Policy, Atrocity, and Religious Freedom Grounds

Terrorist Organization Membership, Representation, and Endorsement Grounds

The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. This page focuses on the charge, proof, incorporated definitions, relief consequences, and preservation.

Reviewed by Peter Messersmith September 18, 2026

Direct Answer

The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role.

Core Rule

membership representation endorsement role framework core rule applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief.

membership representation endorsement role framework core rule applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings.

membership representation endorsement role framework core rule applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework core rule applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence.

Statutory Text

membership representation endorsement role framework statutory text applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection.

membership representation endorsement role framework statutory text applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence.

membership representation endorsement role framework statutory text applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently.

membership representation endorsement role framework statutory text applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date.

Elements

membership representation endorsement role framework elements applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources.

membership representation endorsement role framework elements applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof.

membership representation endorsement role framework elements applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding.

membership representation endorsement role framework elements applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately.

Charging Theory

membership representation endorsement role framework charging theory applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework charging theory applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework charging theory applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections.

membership representation endorsement role framework charging theory applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof.

Burden

membership representation endorsement role framework burden applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution.

membership representation endorsement role framework burden applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework burden applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels.

membership representation endorsement role framework burden applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause.

Evidence

membership representation endorsement role framework evidence applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief.

membership representation endorsement role framework evidence applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings.

membership representation endorsement role framework evidence applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework evidence applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence.

Respondent Position

membership representation endorsement role framework respondent position applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection.

membership representation endorsement role framework respondent position applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence.

membership representation endorsement role framework respondent position applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently.

membership representation endorsement role framework respondent position applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date.

DHS Position

membership representation endorsement role framework dhs position applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources.

membership representation endorsement role framework dhs position applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof.

membership representation endorsement role framework dhs position applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding.

membership representation endorsement role framework dhs position applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately.

Judge Findings

membership representation endorsement role framework judge findings applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework judge findings applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework judge findings applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections.

membership representation endorsement role framework judge findings applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof.

Conduct or Conviction

membership representation endorsement role framework conduct or conviction applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution.

membership representation endorsement role framework conduct or conviction applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework conduct or conviction applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels.

membership representation endorsement role framework conduct or conviction applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause.

Actor Status

membership representation endorsement role framework actor status applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief.

membership representation endorsement role framework actor status applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings.

membership representation endorsement role framework actor status applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework actor status applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence.

Asylum Effect

membership representation endorsement role framework asylum effect applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection.

membership representation endorsement role framework asylum effect applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence.

membership representation endorsement role framework asylum effect applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently.

membership representation endorsement role framework asylum effect applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date.

Withholding and CAT

membership representation endorsement role framework withholding and cat applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources.

membership representation endorsement role framework withholding and cat applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof.

membership representation endorsement role framework withholding and cat applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding.

membership representation endorsement role framework withholding and cat applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately.

Appeal Preservation

membership representation endorsement role framework appeal preservation applies this rule: The respondent should identify any knowledge requirement or organization-status issue specific to that clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework appeal preservation applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct.

membership representation endorsement role framework appeal preservation applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections.

membership representation endorsement role framework appeal preservation applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof.

Checklist

membership representation endorsement role framework checklist applies this rule: The decision should make findings on role, timing, organization status, and attributed conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution.

membership representation endorsement role framework checklist applies this rule: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal. membership representation endorsement role framework should state the alleged conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate suspicion from proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should test each element independently. membership representation endorsement role framework should cite the source evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should challenge unreliable attribution. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling.

membership representation endorsement role framework checklist applies this rule: Membership, representation, endorsement, and material support are not interchangeable concepts. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate group status from conduct. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify any knowledge finding. membership representation endorsement role framework should record the activity date. membership representation endorsement role framework should separate removability from relief. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a burden ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels.

membership representation endorsement role framework checklist applies this rule: DHS should plead the incorporated clause corresponding to the alleged role. membership representation endorsement role framework should preserve evidence objections. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify exemption authority separately. membership representation endorsement role framework should state remaining protection. membership representation endorsement role framework should obtain reviewable findings. membership representation endorsement role framework should avoid conclusory labels. membership representation endorsement role framework should compare charge and proof. membership representation endorsement role framework should document information sources. membership representation endorsement role framework should address contrary evidence. membership representation endorsement role framework should request a clause-specific ruling. membership representation endorsement role framework should identify the incorporated clause.

Primary Legal Authorities and Sources

8 U.S.C. §1182(a)(3) — Security and Related Grounds Current terrorism, foreign-policy, and atrocity definitions incorporated into INA §237(a)(4).
8 U.S.C. §1227(a)(4) — Security and Related Grounds Current INA §237(a)(4) security and related deportability grounds.
Matter of S-K-, 23 I&N Dec. 936 (BIA 2006) BIA precedent on terrorist organizations, material support, intent, and intended use.
8 C.F.R. §1240.8 — Burdens in Removal Proceedings Current removal and relief burden regulation.
8 C.F.R. §1208.13 — Asylum Eligibility Current asylum regulation and security bars.
8 C.F.R. §1208.16 — Withholding and CAT Current withholding and CAT regulation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the rule for terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability?

membership representation endorsement role framework: The terrorism provisions incorporated by INA §237(a)(4)(B) contain distinct grounds involving membership, representation, endorsement, or espousal.

Does terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability require a conviction?

membership representation endorsement role framework requires reading the exact clause. Several security grounds are conduct based.

What burden applies to terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability?

membership representation endorsement role framework remains within DHS's clear-and-convincing removability burden.

Can terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability affect asylum?

membership representation endorsement role framework can overlap with separate asylum and withholding bars.

What evidence matters for terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability?

membership representation endorsement role framework requires evidence tied to the specific statutory element and source.

How is terrorist organization membership representative endorsement INA 212(a)(3)(B) deportability preserved for appeal?

membership representation endorsement role framework should produce findings on clause, burden, evidence, conduct, and relief effect.

Case Evaluation

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