Notice to Appear Required Contents Under INA §239(a)(1)
INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. This page explains the governing notice record, procedural remedy, and preservation issues.
INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose.
Core Rule
section-239-contents core rule begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents core rule applies this rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents core rule identifies the service method. section-239-contents core rule fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents core rule records the address used. section-239-contents core rule compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents core rule then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents core rule separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents core rule distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents core rule distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents core rule distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents core rule applies this additional rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents core rule should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents core rule should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents core rule should rest on primary records. section-239-contents core rule uses the charging document. section-239-contents core rule uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents core rule uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents core rule applies this practice rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents core rule requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents core rule preserves those findings for later review.
Controlling Authority
section-239-contents controlling authority begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents controlling authority applies this rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents controlling authority identifies the service method. section-239-contents controlling authority fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents controlling authority records the address used. section-239-contents controlling authority compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents controlling authority then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents controlling authority separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents controlling authority distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents controlling authority distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents controlling authority distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents controlling authority applies this additional rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents controlling authority should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents controlling authority should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents controlling authority should rest on primary records. section-239-contents controlling authority uses the charging document. section-239-contents controlling authority uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents controlling authority uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents controlling authority applies this practice rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents controlling authority requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents controlling authority preserves those findings for later review.
Procedural Trigger
section-239-contents procedural trigger begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents procedural trigger applies this rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents procedural trigger identifies the service method. section-239-contents procedural trigger fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents procedural trigger records the address used. section-239-contents procedural trigger compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents procedural trigger then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents procedural trigger separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents procedural trigger distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents procedural trigger distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents procedural trigger distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents procedural trigger applies this additional rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents procedural trigger should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents procedural trigger should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents procedural trigger should rest on primary records. section-239-contents procedural trigger uses the charging document. section-239-contents procedural trigger uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents procedural trigger uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents procedural trigger applies this practice rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents procedural trigger requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents procedural trigger preserves those findings for later review.
Notice Record
section-239-contents notice record begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents notice record applies this rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents notice record identifies the service method. section-239-contents notice record fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents notice record records the address used. section-239-contents notice record compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents notice record then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents notice record separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents notice record distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents notice record distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents notice record distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents notice record applies this additional rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents notice record should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents notice record should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents notice record should rest on primary records. section-239-contents notice record uses the charging document. section-239-contents notice record uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents notice record uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents notice record applies this practice rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents notice record requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents notice record preserves those findings for later review.
Service Evidence
section-239-contents service evidence begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents service evidence applies this rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents service evidence identifies the service method. section-239-contents service evidence fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents service evidence records the address used. section-239-contents service evidence compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents service evidence then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents service evidence separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents service evidence distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents service evidence distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents service evidence distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents service evidence applies this additional rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents service evidence should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents service evidence should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents service evidence should rest on primary records. section-239-contents service evidence uses the charging document. section-239-contents service evidence uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents service evidence uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents service evidence applies this practice rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents service evidence requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents service evidence preserves those findings for later review.
Burden and Standard
section-239-contents burden and standard begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents burden and standard applies this rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents burden and standard identifies the service method. section-239-contents burden and standard fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents burden and standard records the address used. section-239-contents burden and standard compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents burden and standard then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents burden and standard separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents burden and standard distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents burden and standard distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents burden and standard distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents burden and standard applies this additional rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents burden and standard should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents burden and standard should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents burden and standard should rest on primary records. section-239-contents burden and standard uses the charging document. section-239-contents burden and standard uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents burden and standard uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents burden and standard applies this practice rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents burden and standard requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents burden and standard preserves those findings for later review.
Timeliness
section-239-contents timeliness begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents timeliness applies this rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents timeliness identifies the service method. section-239-contents timeliness fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents timeliness records the address used. section-239-contents timeliness compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents timeliness then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents timeliness separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents timeliness distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents timeliness distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents timeliness distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents timeliness applies this additional rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents timeliness should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents timeliness should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents timeliness should rest on primary records. section-239-contents timeliness uses the charging document. section-239-contents timeliness uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents timeliness uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents timeliness applies this practice rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents timeliness requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents timeliness preserves those findings for later review.
Government Position
section-239-contents government position begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents government position applies this rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents government position identifies the service method. section-239-contents government position fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents government position records the address used. section-239-contents government position compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents government position then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents government position separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents government position distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents government position distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents government position distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents government position applies this additional rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents government position should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents government position should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents government position should rest on primary records. section-239-contents government position uses the charging document. section-239-contents government position uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents government position uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents government position applies this practice rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents government position requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents government position preserves those findings for later review.
Respondent Position
section-239-contents respondent position begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents respondent position applies this rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents respondent position identifies the service method. section-239-contents respondent position fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents respondent position records the address used. section-239-contents respondent position compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents respondent position then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents respondent position separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents respondent position distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents respondent position distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents respondent position distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents respondent position applies this additional rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents respondent position should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents respondent position should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents respondent position should rest on primary records. section-239-contents respondent position uses the charging document. section-239-contents respondent position uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents respondent position uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents respondent position applies this practice rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents respondent position requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents respondent position preserves those findings for later review.
Hearing Strategy
section-239-contents hearing strategy begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents hearing strategy applies this rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents hearing strategy identifies the service method. section-239-contents hearing strategy fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents hearing strategy records the address used. section-239-contents hearing strategy compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents hearing strategy then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents hearing strategy separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents hearing strategy distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents hearing strategy distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents hearing strategy distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents hearing strategy applies this additional rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents hearing strategy should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents hearing strategy should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents hearing strategy should rest on primary records. section-239-contents hearing strategy uses the charging document. section-239-contents hearing strategy uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents hearing strategy uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents hearing strategy applies this practice rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents hearing strategy requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents hearing strategy preserves those findings for later review.
Motion Practice
section-239-contents motion practice begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents motion practice applies this rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents motion practice identifies the service method. section-239-contents motion practice fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents motion practice records the address used. section-239-contents motion practice compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents motion practice then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents motion practice separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents motion practice distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents motion practice distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents motion practice distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents motion practice applies this additional rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents motion practice should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents motion practice should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents motion practice should rest on primary records. section-239-contents motion practice uses the charging document. section-239-contents motion practice uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents motion practice uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents motion practice applies this practice rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents motion practice requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents motion practice preserves those findings for later review.
Related NTA Issues
section-239-contents related nta issues begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents related nta issues applies this rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents related nta issues identifies the service method. section-239-contents related nta issues fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents related nta issues records the address used. section-239-contents related nta issues compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents related nta issues then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents related nta issues separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents related nta issues distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents related nta issues distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents related nta issues distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents related nta issues applies this additional rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents related nta issues should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents related nta issues should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents related nta issues should rest on primary records. section-239-contents related nta issues uses the charging document. section-239-contents related nta issues uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents related nta issues uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents related nta issues applies this practice rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents related nta issues requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents related nta issues preserves those findings for later review.
In Absentia Consequences
section-239-contents in absentia consequences begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents in absentia consequences applies this rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents in absentia consequences identifies the service method. section-239-contents in absentia consequences fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents in absentia consequences records the address used. section-239-contents in absentia consequences compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents in absentia consequences then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents in absentia consequences separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents in absentia consequences distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents in absentia consequences distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents in absentia consequences distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents in absentia consequences applies this additional rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents in absentia consequences should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents in absentia consequences should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents in absentia consequences should rest on primary records. section-239-contents in absentia consequences uses the charging document. section-239-contents in absentia consequences uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents in absentia consequences uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents in absentia consequences applies this practice rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents in absentia consequences requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents in absentia consequences preserves those findings for later review.
Appellate Preservation
section-239-contents appellate preservation begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents appellate preservation applies this rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents appellate preservation identifies the service method. section-239-contents appellate preservation fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents appellate preservation records the address used. section-239-contents appellate preservation compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents appellate preservation then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents appellate preservation separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents appellate preservation distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents appellate preservation distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents appellate preservation distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents appellate preservation applies this additional rule: INA §239(a)(1) lists the information a notice to appear must specify, including proceedings, authority, conduct, charges, counsel information, address duties, and hearing information. section-239-contents appellate preservation should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents appellate preservation should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents appellate preservation should rest on primary records. section-239-contents appellate preservation uses the charging document. section-239-contents appellate preservation uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents appellate preservation uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents appellate preservation applies this practice rule: A missing item does not by itself determine the remedy for every purpose. section-239-contents appellate preservation requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents appellate preservation preserves those findings for later review.
Practitioner Checklist
section-239-contents practitioner checklist begins with the operative notice. section-239-contents practitioner checklist applies this rule: The complete record includes the NTA, later notices, amendments, pleadings, and hearing history. section-239-contents practitioner checklist identifies the service method. section-239-contents practitioner checklist fixes the hearing date. section-239-contents practitioner checklist records the address used. section-239-contents practitioner checklist compares the NTA and hearing notice. section-239-contents practitioner checklist then states the precise ruling requested.
section-239-contents practitioner checklist separates neighboring doctrines carefully. section-239-contents practitioner checklist distinguishes statutory notice from jurisdiction. section-239-contents practitioner checklist distinguishes claim processing from stop time. section-239-contents practitioner checklist distinguishes rescission from termination. section-239-contents practitioner checklist applies this additional rule: The charging document should be checked against both the statute and current EOIR regulations. section-239-contents practitioner checklist should cite the controlling circuit. section-239-contents practitioner checklist should also preserve any agency objection.
section-239-contents practitioner checklist should rest on primary records. section-239-contents practitioner checklist uses the charging document. section-239-contents practitioner checklist uses every later hearing notice. section-239-contents practitioner checklist uses address-change and return-mail evidence. section-239-contents practitioner checklist applies this practice rule: Time-and-place defects are treated as claim-processing issues under current BIA precedent. section-239-contents practitioner checklist requests findings on disputed facts. section-239-contents practitioner checklist preserves those findings for later review.
Primary Legal Authorities and Sources
- 8 U.S.C. §1229 — Initiation of Removal Proceedings Current INA §239 notice statute.
- 8 C.F.R. §1003.15 — Charging Document Contents Current regulation governing charging-document information.
- 8 C.F.R. §1003.18 — Scheduling of Cases Current regulation addressing hearing scheduling and notice.
- Matter of Fernandes, 28 I&N Dec. 605 (BIA 2022) BIA precedent treating missing NTA time or place as claim processing, not jurisdictional.
- EOIR — The Notice to Appear Current EOIR guidance on NTAs, hearing notices, allegations, charges, and address updates.
- Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 593 U.S. 155 (2021) Supreme Court precedent requiring a single compliant NTA to trigger the stop-time rule.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main rule for notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1)?
Does notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1) automatically terminate removal proceedings?
What records matter most for notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1)?
How do Pereira and Niz-Chavez affect notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1)?
Can a later hearing notice matter in a notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1) case?
How should notice to appear required contents 239(a)(1) be preserved for review?
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